PENGEMBANGAN GAME EDUKASI "KSATRIA ALGORITMA" BERBASIS JAVA PROCESSING SEBAGAI MEDIA PENINGKATAN LOGIKA KOMPUTASI PADA SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA
Abstract
Kemampuan Computational Thinking (CT) telah menjadi literasi fundamental abad ke-21 yang penting ditanamkan sejak tingkat Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP). Namun, pengenalan logika pemrograman di lapangan masih didominasi metode konvensional berbasis teks murni (text-based programming). Pendekatan yang kaku dan abstrak ini memicu cognitive overload serta kebosanan, sehingga siswa cenderung menganggap ilmu komputer rumit dan menakutkan. Selain itu, sekolah mitra juga kekurangan media pembelajaran transisional yang interaktif. Sebagai solusi, program Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini menawarkan pengembangan dan implementasi game edukasi 2D bertajuk "Ksatria Algoritma" menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Java dan Processing IDE. Melalui pendekatan Game-Based Learning, permainan ini menerapkan mekanika pemisahan antara fase perencanaan (menyusun antrean instruksi spasial) dan fase eksekusi. Desain ini memfasilitasi siswa untuk menyusun algoritma sekuensial dan melatih keterampilan debugging dalam lingkungan teka-teki visual yang aman dan menyenangkan. Metode pelaksanaan PkM dibagi menjadi tiga tahapan utama: (1) tahap pengembangan perangkat lunak dengan metode Rapid Application Development (RAD) serta penyusunan modul praktikum; (2) tahap implementasi melalui demonstrasi interaktif, praktik mandiri terpandu, dan studi kasus intentional debugging; serta (3) tahap evaluasi menggunakan kuesioner pre-test dan post-test. Program ini diharapkan dapat menjadi instrumen efektif dalam menjembatani logika dasar algoritma ke bentuk visual sekaligus meningkatkan nalar komputasi siswa SMP secara signifikan.
References
J. M. Wing, "Computational thinking," Communications of the ACM, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 33–35, Mar. 2006.
J. Piaget, The Psychology of Intelligence. London: Routledge, 2001.
J. Sweller, "Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning," Cognitive Science, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 257–285, 1988.
S. Grover and R. Pea, "Computational Thinking in K–12: A Review of the State of the Field," Educational Researcher, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 38–43, Jan. 2013.
J. L. Plass, B. D. Homer, and C. K. Kinzer, "Foundations of Game-Based Learning," Educational Psychologist, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 258–283, 2015.
J. P. Gee, What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
D. Weintrop and U. Wilensky, "To block or not to block, that is the question: students' perceptions of blocks-based programming," in Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC '15), Boston, MA, USA, 2015, pp. 199–208.
A. Robins, J. Rountree, and N. Rountree, "Learning and Teaching Programming: A Review and Discussion," Computer Science Education, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 137–172, 2003.
C. Kelleher and R. Pausch, "Lowering the barriers to programming: A taxonomy of programming environments and languages for novice programmers," ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 83–137, 2005.
S. Papert, Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas. Basic Books, Inc., 1980.
K. Brennan and M. Resnick, "New frameworks for studying and assessing the development of computational thinking," in Proceedings of the 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2012.
C. Reas and B. Fry, Processing: A Programming Handbook for Visual Designers and Artists, 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2014.
Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi RI, Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia Nomor 56/M/2022 tentang Pedoman Penerapan Kurikulum dalam Rangka Pemulihan Pembelajaran. Jakarta: Kemendikbudristek, 2022.
M. Prensky, "Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants Part 1," On the Horizon, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 1–6, 2001.
I. Greenberg, Processing: Creative Coding and Computational Art. Berkeley, CA: Friends of ED, 2007.
K. M. Kapp, The Gamification of Learning and Instruction: Game-based Methods and Strategies for Training and Education. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer, 2012.
R. E. Mayer, Multimedia Learning, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
R. McCauley, S. Fitzgerald, G. Lewandowski, L. Murphy, B. Simon, L. Thomas, and C. Zander, "Debugging: A review of the literature from an educational perspective," Computer Science Education, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 67–92, 2008.
M. Román-González, J. C. Pérez-González, and C. Jiménez-Fernández, "Which cognitive abilities underlie computational thinking? Criterion validity of the Computational Thinking Test," Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 72, pp. 678–691, 2017.
Arikunto, S. (2019). Dasar-dasar evaluasi pendidikan (Edisi 3). Bumi Aksara.
